Nchịkọta Nkowa nke Mgbanwe nke Mexico 1910-1920
Mexico mebiri ọgba aghara na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị ukwuu n'agbata afọ 1910 na 1920. Mgbanwe nke Mexico mere n'oge a, na-amalite site na mgbalị nke onye isi oche bụ Porfirio Diaz. Ahu iwu ohuru nke weputara otutu n'ime echiche ndi ochichi n'ime 1917 ma ime ihe ike enweghi njedebe ruo mgbe Álvaro Obregón ghuru onyeisi oche n'afo 1920. Lee ufodu ihe mere kpatara mgbanwe na ihe omuma banyere ya.
Mmegide megide Diaz
Porfirio Diaz enweela ike maka ihe karịrị afọ iri atọ mgbe ya na onye nta akụkọ America bụ James Creelman gbara ajụjụ ọnụ na 1908, bụ ebe o kwuru na Mexico dị njikere maka ochichi onye kwuo uche nakwa na a ga-ahọpụta onye isi na-eso ya. O kwuru na ya na-atụ anya ka e guzobe ndị ọchịchị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Francisco Madero, onye ọka iwu si Coahuila , weere Diaz n'okwu ya wee kpebie ịlụso ya ọgụ na ntuli aka 1910.
Diaz (onye o doro anya na ọ bụghị n'ezie ihe ọ gwara Creelman) mere ka a tụọ Madero mkpọrọ ma kwuo na ya bụ onye mmeri nke ntuli aka. Madero dere Plan de San Luis Potosi nke na-akpọ ndị Mexico ka ha bilie megide ogwe aka na November 20, 1910.
Ihe kpatara Mgbanwe nke Mexico:
- Ọchịchị aka ike dị ka ọchịchị Pofirio Diaz ruo ihe karịrị afọ 30
- Iji ya eme ihe na nlekọta na-adịghị mma nke ndị ọrụ
- Ezigbo ọdịiche dị n'etiti ndị ọgaranya na ndị ogbenye
Ndị Serdan ezinụlọ nke Puebla, na-eme atụmatụ ịbanye na Madero, nwere ngwá agha na-akwagharị n'ụlọ ha mgbe a chọpụtara ha na November 18, ụbọchị abụọ tupu mgbanwe ahụ amalite. Agha mbụ nke mgbanwe ahụ mere n'ụlọ ha, ugbu a, ụlọ ngosi ihe ngosi raara nye mgbanwe ahụ .
Madero, ya na ndị na-akwado ya, Francisco "Pancho" Villa, bụ onye duru ndị agha na North, na Emiliano Zapata, bụ onye duuru ndị agha nke campesinos na mkpu nke "¡Tierra y Libertad!" (Land and Freedom!) Na South, nwere mmeri n'ịkwatu Diaz, onye gbagara France ebe ọ nọ na-aga biri n'ala ọzọ ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 1915.
A họpụtara Madero ịbụ onyeisi oche. Ruo mgbe ahụ, ndị na-eme mgbanwe ahụ nwere otu ihe mgbaru ọsọ, ma na Madero dị ka onyeisi oche, ha nwere nghọtahie. Zapata na Villa nọ na-alụ ọgụ maka mgbanwe ọha mmadụ na nke agrarian, ebe ọ bụ na Madero nwere mmasị karịsịa n'ime mgbanwe mgbanwe ọchịchị.
Na November 25th, 1911, Zapata kpọsara Plan de Ayala nke kwuru na ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke mgbanwe ahụ bụ ka e nyefee ala n'etiti ndị ogbenye. Ya na ndị na-eso ụzọ ya biliri megide Madero na ọchịchị ya. Malite na February 9 ruo 19, 1913, Decena Tragica (Oge Ọjọọ Ọjọọ) mere na Mexico City .
General Victoriano Huerta, onye na-eduga ndị agha gọọmenti etiti, tụgharịa na Madero ma tinye ya mkpọrọ. Huerta weere onyeisi oche ahụ wee mee ka e gbuo Madero na osote onyeisi oche bụ Jose Maria Pino Suarez.
Venustiano Carranza
Na March 1913, Venustiano Carranza, gọvanọ nke Coahuila, kpọsara Plan de Guadalupe , bụ nke jụrụ ọchịchị Huerta ma mee atụmatụ imepe iwu nke Madero. O guzobere ndi agha ochichi iwu, ma Villa, Zapata na Orozco sonyere ya ma kwatuo Huerta na July 1914.
Na Convencion de Aguascalientes nke afọ 1914, ọdịiche dị n'etiti ndị na-eme mgbanwe na-ebute ụzọ ọzọ.
Vividistas, Zapatistas na Carrancistas kewara. Carranza kwadoro ọdịmma nke klas ndị dị elu na United States. Villa gafere ókèala na United States ma wakpo Columbus, New Mexico. US zigara ndị agha na Mexico ka ha jide ya ma ha enweghi ihe ịga nke ọma. N'ebe ndịda Zapata kewara ala ma nyefee ya n'ogige ndị agha ahụ, ma emesị mesịa, a manyere ya ịchọ ebe mgbaba n'ugwu.
N'afọ 1917, Carranza guzobere iwu ọhụrụ nke mere mgbanwe ụfọdụ na mmekọrịta akụ na ụba. Zapata nọgidere na-enupụ isi n'ebe ndịda ruo mgbe e gburu ya n'April 10, 1919. Carranza nọgidere na-abụ onyeisi ruo afọ 1920, mgbe Älvaro Obregón weghaara ọrụ. A gbaghaara Villa na 1920, ma e gburu ya n'ọhịa ya na 1923.
Nsonaazụ nke mgbanwe ahụ
Mgbanwe a nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'iwepụ Porfirio Diaz, ebe ọ bụ na mgbanwe ahụ enweghi onye isi ọchịchị karịa ogologo afọ isii ọ nọ n'ọfịs.
PRI ( Partido Revolucionario Institucionalizado - Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Mgbapụta nke Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Iwu) bụ òtù nke mgbanwe ahụ, ma nọgide na-elekọta ndị isi ala site n'oge mgbanwe ahụ ruo mgbe a họpụtara Vicente Fox nke PAN (Partido de Accion Nacional - National Action Party) na 2000.
Gụkwuo nkọwa zuru ezu banyere ọgba aghara Mexico.