Bletchley Park - Akụkọ Nzuzo Na-emeghe:
Bletchley Park, nke dị ihe dị ka kilomita 50 n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ London, yiri ka ọ na-adịkarị ka ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ obodo Victorian. Ewubere maka ego nke obodo London nke bara ọgaranya na 1883, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka a kwatuo ya mgbe ọchịchị Briten, na njedebe nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, nwetara ya maka nzube ọzọ. N'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ na n'ime mmalite afọ nke Agha Nzuzo, ndị Bletchley nkịtị, anụ ụlọ na-eme ka ọrụ ya dị njọ, ọrụ rụrụ arụ - nzube nke nọgidere na-agbanye na Iwu Nzuzo nzuzo ruo ọtụtụ afọ.
N'ihi na n'ebe a, n'azụ ụzọ mechiri emechi na ebe zoro ezo n'etiti etiti ala 60, ụlọ ọrụ Britain gbajiri koodu Enigma nke Nazi Germany.
Ugbu a, na Bletchley Park Museum na National Codes Center , a na-agwa akụkọ nzuzo nzuzo ahụ.
Gịnị bụ Enigma ?:
Enigma bụ igwe nchekwa nke ndị Germany malitere n'etiti Agha Mbụ na nke Abụọ. Ọ dị ka ihe ederede kama, site na usoro nke rotors na-elegharị rotors n'ime ya, akwụkwọ ozi ma ọ bụ njikọ nke akwụkwọ ozi nwere ike gbanwere dị ka o doro anya na substitutes random. Usoro ndị a dị nnọọ mgbagwoju anya karịa nanị iji dochie akwụkwọ ozi ọzọ. N'ezie, e nwere, ọtụtụ narị nde - ma eleghị anya ọbụna ọtụtụ ijeri - nwere ike ijikọ ọnụ. Isi ihe, gbanwere kwa ụbọchị, wepu koodu ahụ ka e wee nwee ike iziputa ozi ma ghọta ya. Ịchụpu usoro nke Enigma codes nyere onyinye dị mkpa maka mmeri maka ndị Allies na Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ.
Ònye kpochiri koodu Enigma ?:
N'afọ 2000, ndị na-akatọ ihe nkiri ndị Britain na-amagharị ihe nkiri American, U-517 (Tụlee Ngwongwo), banyere otu osisi nchịkọta anụ, ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri Amerịka na-aga iji nweta otu igwe Enigma nke mere ka njedebe nke agha ahụ dị na Atlantic.
Onye ọ bụla nọ na Britain, maara, na ọ bụ Royal Navy nke weghaara igwe ahụ na ọ bụ codebreakers na Bletchly Park nke kpughepụrụ ya - akụkọ nke e mesịrị na Enigma (Tụlee Ahịa), otu ihe nkiri na Kate Winslet dabere na thriller nke oge agha Enigma, site n'aka Robert Harris.
N'ezie, ihe nkiri abụọ ahụ dabeere n'eziokwu. A na-agụrụ ozi Enigma ka ọ dị ka n'afọ 1940 mgbe e jidere ụfọdụ n'ime wiil rotor na ndị lanarịrị ụgbọ mmiri Germany bụ ndị si Scotland pụọ. Na, n'afọ 1941, British Royal Navy Commandos weghaara ọtụtụ ngwaọrụ Enigma na mkpịsị ugodi ha - site na onye na-akụ azụ azụ n'ụsọ oké osimiri Norway ma mesịa site na U-110.
Ma na June 1944, otu US Navy Task Group weghaara mpempe akwụkwọ Enigma na akwụkwọ koodu si na U-50, nke dị mkpa na WWII codebreaking.
Na, iji nye akwụmụgwọ ebe akwụmụgwọ ruru, Polish codebreakers na-arụ ọrụ na koodu Enigma na 1930, tupu agha ahụ agbawa. Ha gafere ihe ọmụma ha na French ndị ha na Briten kesara ya.
Nke bụ eziokwu bụ na e nwere ọtụtụ ígwè ọrụ Enigma na usoro nke ịchọta ihe ha na - eme - ọtụtụ n'ime Bletchley Park - n'oge agha.
Kedu ihe ị nwere ike ịhụ na Park Bletchley ?:
- Iri Igwe Enigma itoolu, gụnyere otu nke mbinye ego si n'aka US National Crytologic Museum; nke ọzọ, eji na Spanish Civil War na mbinye ego sitere na Spanish Army Museum na Toledo, Spain, na Abwehr Enigma na-adịchaghị njọ ndị SS SS jiri.
- SG41 - igwe na-atụ egwu German na-ezube iji dochie Enigma. Igwe a meriri ndị ọkachamara na Bletchley
- Colossus, ịgụ akwụkwọ mmalite, kọmputa na-agbazi koodu na kọmputa kọmputa kọmputa mbụ. Colossus nyeere ndị isi ndị agha niile aka ijide n'aka na ndị Germany adaala maka nchọpụta ahụ nke zoro ezo na D-Day landings.
- A rụgharịrị igwe bọmbụ, kọmputa ọzọ nke mbụ, nke mere ka a gbanwee ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ozi Enigma nwere ike.
- Ihe ngosi nke na-akọ akụkọ banyere Bletchley Park, ndị nledo, ihe nzuzo na ime njem, yana ihe ngosi sitere na oge ụgbọala na ihe eji egwuri egwu iji gbanwee usoro ikuku na-aga agha.
- Ụlọ ọrụ nzuzo ahụ, nke jere ozi na 12,000 ndị bi na ọrụ na Bletchley Park, ma nọchiri anya ruo mgbe e dere akwụkwọ na 1998.
- National Museum of Computing - nzukọ dị iche iche, na ụgwọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi dị iche iche, nke na-egosi akụkọ ndị mbụ nke Britain, akụkọ ihe mere eme na ígwè ọrụ.
Alan Turing - Bletchley Park's Unsung Hero:
Alan Turing bụ ọkachamara na nkà mmụta sayensị, ọkà mmụta sayensị kọmputa na cryptanalyst. Ọ bụ onye ọsụ ụzọ kọmputa oge mbụ nke Turing igwe, na 1930, bụ ihe atụ mbụ nke ọrụ, nzube kọmputa zuru ezu. O meziri echiche nke "algorithm" na "nhazi". Turing nyere aka mezue igwe bọmbụ ahụ nke gbanwere ọtụtụ puku ozi a na-emechibidoro na Bletchley. Na January 1940, ngwá ọrụ bombu nchara nke Turing gbanwere ozi Enigma zuru ezu.
Ma n'agbanyeghị na o kwenyesiri ike na onyinye agha, akụkọ Turing bụ otu n'ime ọdachi nke akụkọ ntụrụndụ nwoke nwere mmasị nwoke. Turing bụ onye a kwadoro idina ụdị onwe mgbe nwoke idina ụdị onwe ya na Britain. N'afọ 1952, e boro ya ebubo maka omume rụrụ arụ mgbe ya na nwa okorobịa nke ya na ya na-enwe mmekọrịta dị mkpirikpi kọọrọ ya onye omekome. A mara ya ikpe na, dị ka ihe ọzọ a tụrụ mkpọrọ, ọgwụgwọ anabatara na hormones ndị inyom. Afọ abụọ mgbe e mesịrị, na 1954, ọ nwụrụ na nsị cyanide. Ọ bụ ezie na onye na-akpata ọnyá na-achị ọnwụ ya igbu onwe ya, nne ya na ndị enyi ya kweere na ọ bụ ihe mberede. N'afọ 2009, mgbe ahụ, Prime Minister Gordon Brown, gbara mgbaghara ọha maka ọgwụgwọ "egwu" nke Turing.
Ị nwere ike ịmatakwu banyere Turing, ndụ ya na onyinye maka cryptology na sayensị kọmputa na Bletchley.
Ònye ga-enwe mmasị ịga leta Bletchley Park ?:
Geeks kọmputa, ndị agha akụkọ ihe mere eme nke agha, ndị ọkachamara na mathematicians na ndị ọkachamara mathematicians ga-ahụ nleta Bletchley Park na-adọrọ adọrọ. Ndị nledo Junior na cryptogram Fans ga-ahụ ya Ihe na-emekarị, ezinụlọ Ụbọchị iri anọ, mmegharị iwu, ngosi ngosi oge na nlegharị anya na-eme ka Bletchley Park na-adọrọ mmasị ndị ọzọ nke ezinụlọ ndị nwere ike ịchọpụta na ha bụ ndị na-eme mkpọtụ nke ọma.
Ndị nleta dị mkpa maka Bletchley Park na National Museum of Computing:
Bletchley
- Ebee: Ebe obibi nke Mansion, Bletchley Park, Sherwood Drive, Bletchley, Milton Keynes, MK3 6EB. Ọ bụrụ na iji SatNav, jiri adreesị okporo ámá ma ọ bụghị koodu post, nke nwere ike iduga gị na ntụziaka na-ezighi ezi.
- Ekwentị: +44 (0) 1908 640404
- Nbanye: Adults, concession and tickets family as well as tickets for children 12-16. Ụmụaka dị n'okpuru iri na abụọ nabatara onwe ha na ndị otu ụmụaka site na ndokwa mbụ.
- Awa: Kwa ụbọchị ma e wezụga Krismas Krismas site na ụbọchị Boxing na Afọ Ọhụrụ. Oge oyi, 9:30 nke ụtụtụ ruo 4pm site na Nov. 1 ruo Feb 28. Okpomọkụ na-emeghe n'elekere 5 na-abịa site na March 1 ruo Ọkt. 31
- Weebụ
- Ụlọ ọrụ: Cafe na Hut 4, ebe ndị Naval codebreakers na-arụ ọrụ n'ezie. Nlegharị ndị a na-eduzi gụnyere ọnụahịa ntinye.
National Museum of Computing
- Ebee: Block H na Bletchley Park
- Ozi Izugbe Ekwentị: +44 (0) 1908 374708
- Nbanye: Nwepụ ụgwọ maka ego niile nke TMOC ma ọ bụ, belata, maka Colossus na Tunny. Akwụ ụgwọ maka ndị agadi na ụmụ akwụkwọ. Ụmụaka dị n'okpuru afọ 12. Ndị ọbịa na TMOC anaghị akwụ ụgwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ Bletchley Park iji banye Bletchley Ala.
- Oge: Colossus na Tunny (koodu WWII ọzọ na-emeghe ọrụ) meghee kwa ụbọchị. Ihe ngosi ndị ọzọ bụ Thursday na Saturday site na 1 ruo 4 elekere na oyi na 5pm na summerl
- Weebụ
- Ụlọ ọrụ: Ụlọ ahịa na ebe nchekwa ihe, na-eduzi nlegharị anya maka ego dị iche.